The current state of smartphone design, repair, and longevity may finally be changing to benefit users and the environment. Campaign groups in the European Union are working towards overhauling rules regarding batteries and eco-sensitive design, which could have a significant impact on manufacturers. A recent vote by MEPs approved new battery regulations that call for replaceable smartphone batteries to be available for five years after a device is discontinued. These rules aim to make batteries user-replaceable without specialized tools or solvents and prevent software from disabling third-party batteries. While there are concerns about certain caveats and definitions, the vote is seen as a major step forward for the right to repair movement. The regulations are set to take effect in 2027.
Complementary rules on ecodesign were also approved, which focus on making sustainable products the norm. These rules outline minimum requirements for smartphones and tablets, including dust and water protection, resistance to accidental drops, and battery longevity. The rules also mandate the availability of spare parts for at least seven years after a device is discontinued, along with access to necessary software for professional repairs. These aspects align with the goals of the right to repair movement, but they may also result in changes to the smartphone market that some may not anticipate.
According to Francisco Jeronimo, vice-president of devices analysis at IDC, creating truly replaceable batteries may result in larger smartphones. While Apple may have the resources to achieve battery replacement with thin designs, smaller manufacturers may need to compromise on design. Additionally, the proposed rules place emphasis on software updates to prolong a device’s lifespan. Agnès Crepet, head of IT and software longevity at Fairphone, notes that software updates are crucial for security purposes and the functionality of apps. However, most smartphones only receive two to three years of updates, with Apple offering longer support but still falling short of ideal expectations. Crepet suggests allowing the use of open-source software as an alternative for devices without official support.
While these rules aim to promote sustainability, they may not necessarily result in most people keeping their phones for longer. A consumer survey by IDC found that 62% of respondents replace their phones every one to three years, and only 24% want to keep their devices for a longer period. However, these rules could have a positive impact on the second-hand market, as devices with software support will retain more value and have longer useful lives, reducing waste.
The approved regulations still need final approval and will have a 21-month grace period before becoming law. The requirement for extended software support may have unforeseen consequences, such as putting small vendors out of business due to the high costs of providing updates. This could lead to market consolidation and a reduction in product variety.
In terms of sustainable options for those considering a phone replacement, the Nokia G22 is a budget Android model designed for home repairs, while the Fairphone 4 is the most repairable and ethical Android phone, featuring a modular design and a battery that can be replaced without specialized tools. The Apple iPhone 14 offers longer software support, is made from recycled materials, and has a more repairable design compared to previous models, although not on the same scale as the Fairphone 4.