While staying safe is the only way to prevent getting infected, we at ETimes-TOI, spoke to doctors to gain insights on the infections, their nature, how aggressive they can be in different age groups and what are the preventive measures.
“These days, most fevers we encounter are usually high-grade and may or may not be associated with upper respiratory symptoms. When fevers are accompanied by upper respiratory symptoms such as a cough, sore throat, or congestion, they are often indicative of viral infections like the flu or COVID-19. Approximately 70-80% of these viral illnesses tend to be mild, resolving on their own without the need for hospital admission. However, it is crucial to monitor the symptoms closely,” says Dr. Hemalata Arora, Senior consultant, Internal Medicine, Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai.
Understanding the nature of the fever
“If the fever remains high-grade and does not improve by the third day, or if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, or excessive weakness, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly,” explains Dr. Arora.
“Fever is a natural bodily response. When your immune system detects an infection, it raises your internal temperature, creating an environment less hospitable for invading pathogens. A low-grade fever (around 100°F or 37.8°C) often doesn’t require intervention and can be managed with home remedies. However, a high fever (above 102°F or 38.9°C), especially in infants, young children, or elderly individuals, warrants medical attention,” says Dr Laxman Jessani, Consultant Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai.
“In contrast, fevers that occur without upper respiratory symptoms may suggest other types of infections, such as dengue or malaria. These infections are often characterized by distinct symptoms that can help in their recognition. For instance, dengue and malaria typically cause severe chills, intense bone pain, and sometimes a rash. Dengue, in particular, may also present with a characteristic rash and very severe pain. Additionally, chikungunya, another mosquito-borne illness, can cause similar symptoms. If you experience a fever accompanied by a rash, severe headache, uncontrollable vomiting, or an inability to stay hydrated, it is critical to consult a healthcare provider immediately,” she adds about vector borne diseases.
Nature of fever in case of fatal infections like Nipah, Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
“Nipah virus infection is a more serious zoonotic virus transmitted through contact with infected animals (bats) or contaminated food. Initial symptoms include fever, muscle aches, and headaches, progressing to dizziness, drowsiness, and neurological complications,” explains Dr. Jessani. “This rare but potentially fatal condition occurs when the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, causing amoebic dysentery, invades the brain. Fever, along with severe headaches, vomiting, confusion, and seizures, are characteristic symptoms,” he says highlighting the symptoms of Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.
When to seek medical attention?
Dr Jessani lists critical situations where seeking immediate medical attention is crucial:
- High fever (above 102°F or 38.9°C): Especially in infants, young children, or elderly individuals.
- Fever persisting for more than 3 days
- Severe headache, vomiting, or confusion
- Stiff neck or difficulty moving the head
- Signs of respiratory distress
- Rash or skin lesions
How to stay safe?
“Managing fever effectively while addressing the underlying infection is crucial. Adequate hydration is essential to prevent dehydration, especially in hot climates. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS), water, and clear broths are ideal. Rest is also critical, as it helps the body conserve energy to fight the infection. To manage fever, fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used as recommended by a healthcare provider. Additionally, cool compresses and lukewarm baths can help control body temperature. Maintaining a balanced diet with easily digestible foods is important; avoiding heavy, greasy foods that may strain digestion is advised. Seeking medical advice is essential for persistent or high fever, especially if accompanied by concerning symptoms like confusion or seizures,” advises Dr Arora.
Talking about Chandipura virus and Nipah virus, the Mumbai based doctor said, “the treatment for both Chandipura and Nipah virus infections is primarily supportive, as there are no specific antiviral treatments available. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose these infections accurately.”
“Anytime there is altered sensorium, such as confusion or disorientation along with fever, it needs urgent and immediate medical attention. Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking prompt medical care can significantly improve outcomes for individuals affected by these infections,” she added.
According to Dr Jessani, the best way to manage fever is to prevent the infections that cause it. Here are some preventative measures:
- Frequent handwashing: Practice proper hand hygiene using soap and water or an alcohol-based sanitizer.
- Maintain good hygiene: Regularly clean surfaces and disinfect frequently touched objects.
- Get vaccinated: Stay updated on recommended vaccinations, including influenza vaccine.
- Practice safe food handling: Ensure proper cooking of food and maintain hygiene while preparing and handling meals.
- Mosquito bite prevention: Use mosquito repellents and wear protective clothing in areas with mosquito activity.
In a nutshell, seeing the gravity of the situation, the speed at which infection cases are rising and spreading across the country, the doctors urge to seek medical attention at the earliest. If you notice any symptoms, especially during this monsoon season, do not wait and immediately seek medical attention within a day. Early medical assistance can stop the spread of the disease.
Dengue: Early signs and preventive measures to stay safe