Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient found in many animal products such as meat, cheese and eggs.
It is needed by the human body to help create healthy red blood cells.
Without functioning red blood cells it is not possible for oxygen to be carried around the body.
This can cause a whole range of health problems.
Luckily, a B12 deficiency is typically easily treated, but until you spot the symptoms and seek help they can make everyday life extremely difficult.
But in severe cases it has been linked to heart failure, diabetes, arthritis and cancer.
Doctor Jeremy Harris, senior partner at The Private GP Group in London, spoke with Express.co.uk to explain more about a B12 deficiency.
He warned that experiencing a tingling or numbness in the hands and feet is an “unusual” sign to be aware of.
“Vitamin B12 deficiency can manifest in various ways,” he said.
“Some of the most common symptoms are tiredness, lethargy, feeling faint or feeling a bit short of breath.
“Unusual signs to watch out for include tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, palpitations, and headaches.”
What causes tingling in the extremities?
Dr Harris said: “As B12 is essential for maintaining the health of the nerves as it plays a role in the production of myelin, a protective covering around nerves.
“When B12 is low, the covering can become damaged or weak leading to nerve dysfunction.”
How can you prevent becoming deficient?
The best way to ensure you do not become deficient is to eat plenty of B12-rich foods.
“Considering its importance within the body it’s a surprise that your body does not make it,” Dr Harris said.
“B12 needs to come from foods and supplements. Make sure you have a diet rich in B12 foods.”
However, this can be tricky if you are vegetarian or vegan.
He continued: “B12 can be found in animal-based foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products.
“Vegans and vegetarians are at a higher risk of deficiency due to the restrictions within the diet so it’s recommended that B12 supplements are taken daily.
“If you follow a vegan or vegetarian diet, make sure to also incorporate B12-fortified foods such as fortified cereals, plant-based milk alternatives, or nutritional yeast.”
According to the NHS, a B12 deficiency can cause:
- Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
- Headaches
- Indigestion
- Loss of appetite
- Palpitations
- Problems with your vision
- Feeling weak or tired
- Diarrhoea
- A sore or red tongue, sometimes with mouth ulcers
- Problems with memory, understanding and judgement (cognitive changes)
- Numbness
- Muscle weakness
- Psychological problems, which can range from mild depression or anxiety, to confusion and dementia
- Problems with balance and coordination
- Pins and needles
- Incontinence.
If you experience any symptoms you should speak to your GP.