Home Health: Monsoon Illness – What Causes Waterborne Diseases?
It is crucial to understand that there are various factors that contribute to the spread of waterborne illnesses, even though consuming polluted water remains a significant source of transmission. Waterborne diseases are a global health concern, especially in areas with limited access to safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation systems. These diseases are caused by microorganisms or chemical contaminants present in contaminated water sources. Although consuming contaminated water is a common method of transmission, there are other sources through which waterborne diseases can spread. India.com reached out to Dr. (Col) Rakesh Kumar, Sr. Consultant Internal Medicine at Artemis Lite, NFC New Delhi, to discuss the different sources of transmission for waterborne diseases.
Sources of Waterborne Diseases:
1. Food Contamination: Waterborne diseases can be transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food. Fruits, vegetables, and other agricultural products irrigated with contaminated water can contain pathogens or contaminants. Additionally, food prepared or washed with contaminated water can also become a source of infection. It is important to handle and prepare food properly and use safe water for irrigation to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases through the food chain.
2. Poor Sanitation: Inadequate sanitation facilities significantly contribute to the transmission of waterborne diseases. Improper disposal of human waste contaminates water sources, leading to the spread of pathogens. Lack of proper toilet facilities, open defecation, and improper sewage disposal systems all contribute to the contamination of water supplies. Improving sanitation infrastructure and promoting hygienic practices are crucial in reducing the transmission of waterborne diseases.
3. Water Recreational Activities: Engaging in water-based recreational activities such as swimming, boating, or fishing in contaminated water bodies can increase the risk of waterborne diseases. Pathogens present in the water can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or contact with mucous membranes. It is essential to regularly monitor and treat recreational water sources like lakes, rivers, or swimming pools to maintain safe conditions for users.
4. Person-to-Person Contact: Waterborne diseases can be transmitted through person-to-person contact. When infected individuals do not practice proper hygiene, they can contaminate their surroundings, including water sources. This can occur through activities such as sharing drinking utensils, close personal contact, or poor hand hygiene. Educating individuals about the importance of personal hygiene and promoting hygienic practices can help prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases through person-to-person contact.
5. Animal Contamination: Animals, particularly livestock and wildlife, can serve as reservoirs for microorganisms that cause waterborne diseases. Their fecal matter can contaminate water sources, posing a risk to humans who consume or come into contact with the contaminated water. It is crucial to separate livestock waste from water sources through appropriate agricultural practices and treat animal waste properly to prevent animal-related transmission of waterborne diseases.
Addressing these sources requires a comprehensive approach, including improving water quality, enhancing sanitation infrastructure, promoting hygienic practices, and implementing appropriate waste management systems. By tackling these sources, significant progress can be made in preventing and reducing the burden of waterborne diseases globally. Stay updated by subscribing to our newsletter today!